实验性甲状腺机能低下大鼠附睾上皮主细胞的超微结构改变

本文应用电镜技术观察了实验性甲状腺机能低下ＳＤ大鼠附睾上皮超微结构的改变。结果显示各段主细胞超微结构均存在不同程度的退行性改变，呈现出顶部小泡及微绒毛减少；线粒体肿胀；高尔基复合体结构紊乱、数量明显减少；次级溶酶体和髓样结构增多，内质风扩张和空泡化。头、体段细胞质中脂滴沉积。提示附睾正常结构和功能的维持需要适当的甲状腺素存在。     

纳洛酮对大鼠急性冠脉闭塞早期心肌舒缩性的影响

观察了阿片受体抗拮剂纳洛酮(naloxone)对大鼠左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)结扎后心肌舒缩性能变化的影响。LAD 结扎后4min,实验组经股静脉注射纳洛酮10mg/kg,对照组用生理盐水。结果:在 LAD 结扎后60min 内,实验组左室 dp/dt max、Vmax 和-dp/dt max均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),表明纳洛酮可抑制急性冠脉闭塞早期心肌收缩和舒张性能的降低,提示内源性阿片样肽可能参与急性心肌梗塞早期心肌舒缩性能降低的机制。     

慢病毒载体在转基因动物研制中的应用

慢病毒载体（lentiviral vector，LV）用于转基因技术与传统的DNA微注射相比具有操作简单、整合效率高、成本低廉等优点。与非慢病毒类反转录病毒载体相比，LV具有转基因表达效率高、对细胞周期没有选择性等优点。正因为LV具有独特的优点近年来LV转基因技术迅猛发展起来，多种LV转基因动物也接连诞生，文章从LV优点，构建，以及已获得的转基因动物制备方法研究入手，分析总结并提出了对未来的展望。     

海河水系非O-I群霍乱弧菌监测及其血清型分布

1990年夏秋季对海河水系非O-I群霍乱菌污染和血清型分布进行监测,共分离菌株199株,可分型的127株,占67.8％。可分型中以11型最多,其次为9、51、7、45型。不同地点菌型分布不同,在三叉口河段分离出国内未见报导的VBO_(32)血清型。不同时间海河水的菌株优势不同。     

幽门螺旋菌与慢性萎缩性胃炎发病关系及防治研究

对485例胃病患者幽门螺旋菌(HP)总检出率为59.6%,从慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)患者胃粘膜分离出HP,在体外成功培养并连续接种传代。采用枯矾与阿斯匹林分别给小白鼠及家兔灌胃造成胃粘膜损伤后,再灌注HP,经细菌学、病理组织学检查,与人体CAG改变一致。证明HP符合Koch关于致病菌三定律。本研究从CAG细菌感染说出发,对53味中药及其组方进行抑菌试验,发现HP对三七、厚朴敏感;对乌梅、元胡中度敏感;对黄连、大黄高度敏感。对胃热型CAG用清热化瘀汤及活胃2号治疗70例,临床总有效率为97.2%,胄镜有效率为85.7%,病理有效率为80%,与三九胃泰对照组差异显著。     

我国18省(市)肺炎球菌血清型及其感染的流行病学研究

1982到1985年期间,在我国18个省(市)由482例肺炎球菌病病人中分离到482株肺炎链球菌,其中来自肺炎67株,脑膜炎169株,中耳炎246株。其血清型及流行病学的研究结果如下:肺炎球菌性肺炎、脑膜炎及中耳炎病例分别占每1 000例细菌感染相应疾病病例数的14.26、79.08和68.14例,大多数感染为婴幼儿。肺炎的病死率为16.4%,脑膜炎为16%。所有分离的肺炎链球菌均用分型血清(Statens Seruminstitut Copenhagen)进行了检定。主要血清型是5、6、1、19、2和14,占分型菌株总数的56.8%(274株)。5型是最主要血清型,占分型菌株总数的13.3%(63株)。     

Device for splitting skin in small laboratory animals

Summary A method for splitting the skin of small animals is described. Full thickness skin taken from the animal is held in position on the device by vacuum and split with the aid of a razor blade.     

Application of Clinical Scanners in Rats: Experimental Carotid Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spiral Computed Tomography, and Color Duplex Ultrasound

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive small animal imaging allows for reduction of the required numbers of animals in research by providing the possibility of long-term follow-up at various time points. Additionally, correlation to the investigated respective human disease is possible as equivalent equipment is employed. The authors therefore evaluate feasibility and potential of color duplex sonography, computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by the use of clinical scanners for carotid artery imaging in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 17) were subjected to color duplex sonography, CTA, and MRA of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the carotid bifurcation. Clinical scanners were used for the experiments and optimal parameter settings evaluated accounting for the different size of the animals. The applied imaging methods were analyzed in regard to image quality and practicability in laboratory settings. RESULTS: The CCA could be clearly displayed by all imaging modalities in all rats. Duplex sonography provided distinct images and reproducible basic functional information. CTA and MRA provided distinct images of the CCA and the carotid bifurcation in both axial and reconstructed 3-dimensional images. The authors further describe different indications for these imaging methods regarding spatial resolution, acquisition times, possible scanning range, and application of contrast agent. CONCLUSIONS: Color duplex sonography, CTA, and MRA are all feasible methods for imaging of the carotid arteries in rats. Images of sufficient clarity and resolution could be obtained by the use of clinical scanners, yielding information about vessel size, direction of blood flow, and adjacent structures. Further studies need to be performed that address investigations of pathological conditions such as flow disturbances or vessel stenosis.     

肝肠联合移植对小肠移植物免疫保护作用的实验研究

目的研究肝肠联合移植中肝脏对小肠移植物的免疫保护作用。方法建立大鼠肝肠联合移植、单独小肠移植及单独肝移植模型 ,每组取 12只受体大鼠观察生存期 ,另取 6只大鼠分别于移植术后 5、7、14d收集小肠及肝脏移植物 ,进行组织病理学研究并利用半定量RT PCR方法检测移植物中IL 2、IL 4、穿孔素以及颗粒酶B的mRNA表达。结果联合移植组受体生存时间 (2 7 83±4 4 7)d较小肠移植组 (11 5 8± 3 2 6 )d明显延长 (t=7 19,P <0 0 1) ,与肝移植组 (2 8 92± 2 39)d相比 ,差异无显著性 (t=0 75 ,P >0 0 5 )。联合移植组小肠移植物排斥反应较小肠移植组明显减轻 ,穿孔素及颗粒酶B表达水平降低。结论肝 /肠联合移植可以为小肠移植物提供免疫保护。     

内皮素－1在大鼠卵巢内的分布

本研究用免疫细胞化学的方法观察了内皮素－１（ｅｉｉｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ－１，ＥＴ－１）在大鼠卵巢内的分布。结果：在未成年大鼠卵巢可见到ＥＴ－１免疫染色阳性颗粒分布在卵泡的外周膜细胞；成年动情前期大鼠卵巢ＥＴ－１阳性颗粒主要分布在卵泡或黄体周围的膜细胞，亦分布在卵泡血管内皮细胞中；假孕大鼠和妊娠大鼠卵巢可观察到ＥＴ－１免疫染色阳性颗粒分布在膜细胞和黄体中央腔内；妊娠１０ｄ大鼠卵巢内膜细胞染色的阳性反应较妊娠５ｄ的大鼠显著增强，黄体中央腔内染色呈较强的阳性反应。提示ＥＴ－１可能参与卵泡发育、卵巢颗粒细胞机能和黄体退化过程的调控。